Vigilant in Prayer - Mar. 23rd, 2025
Twelve Ordinary Men; One Extraordinary Mission • Sermon • Submitted • Presented • 1:36:51
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· 8 viewsJesus demonstrated perfect spiritual vigilance and submission to the Father’s will in the face of severe trial, while the disciples, especially Peter, failed due to spiritual neglect and emotional weakness. Believers must intentionally cultivate prayerful dependence on God to faithfully endure trials and temptations.
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Deductive Expository Sermon Brief
Deductive Expository Sermon Brief
FORMAL ELEMENTS / DESCRIPTIVE DATA
FORMAL ELEMENTS / DESCRIPTIVE DATA
Text: Luke 22:39–62
Text: Luke 22:39–62
39 And he came out, and went, as he was wont, to the mount of Olives; and his disciples also followed him.
40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.
41 And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed,
42 Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.
43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him.
44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,
46 And said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation.
47 And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.
48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?
49 When they which were about him saw what would follow, they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?
50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.
51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.
52 Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves?
53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
Central Idea of the Text (CIT):
Jesus demonstrated perfect spiritual vigilance and submission to the Father’s will in the face of severe trial, while the disciples, especially Peter, failed due to spiritual neglect and emotional weakness.
Central Idea of the Text (CIT):
Jesus demonstrated perfect spiritual vigilance and submission to the Father’s will in the face of severe trial, while the disciples, especially Peter, failed due to spiritual neglect and emotional weakness.
Proposition:
Believers must intentionally cultivate prayerful dependence on God to faithfully endure trials and temptations.
Proposition:
Believers must intentionally cultivate prayerful dependence on God to faithfully endure trials and temptations.
Statement of Purpose:
Statement of Purpose:
Major Objective (MO): Devotional
Major Objective (MO): Devotional
Specific Objective (SO): I want my hearers to commit themselves to consistent and earnest prayer as a safeguard against spiritual failure.
Specific Objective (SO): I want my hearers to commit themselves to consistent and earnest prayer as a safeguard against spiritual failure.
Title: Vigilant in Prayer
Title: Vigilant in Prayer
INFORMAL ELEMENTS / RHETORICAL DATA
INFORMAL ELEMENTS / RHETORICAL DATA
Introduction:
Have you ever felt completely prepared for a challenging moment, only to discover at the critical time that you were woefully unprepared? Peter certainly did. In Luke 22, we find Jesus and His disciples facing a profound spiritual crisis. Jesus stands firm through fervent prayer, while the disciples crumble under pressure. This passage vividly contrasts spiritual vigilance with neglect, emphasizing our own need for intentional prayerfulness in trials.
Introduction:
Have you ever felt completely prepared for a challenging moment, only to discover at the critical time that you were woefully unprepared? Peter certainly did. In Luke 22, we find Jesus and His disciples facing a profound spiritual crisis. Jesus stands firm through fervent prayer, while the disciples crumble under pressure. This passage vividly contrasts spiritual vigilance with neglect, emphasizing our own need for intentional prayerfulness in trials.
Exegetical Notes:
Historical-Cultural and Contextual Analysis
Historical and Cultural Background: Luke 22:39–62
Historical Circumstances
This passage takes place immediately following the Last Supper and ushers the reader into the emotional and spiritual intensity of Jesus’ time in the Garden of Gethsemane. The setting—the Mount of Olives—was a familiar place of prayer and retreat for Jesus, situated just outside Jerusalem across the Kidron Valley. During Passover, this area was frequented by pilgrims, yet Jesus chooses not to hide or escape, instead submitting willingly to the Father’s plan. The narrative proceeds to depict Judas’ betrayal, Peter’s failed attempt to defend Jesus, the Lord’s peaceful submission to arrest, and Peter’s threefold denial amid an unlawful nighttime interrogation in the high priest’s residence.
Cultural Norms
Luke’s account reflects several key cultural practices of first-century Jewish and Greco-Roman life:
Private prayer and posture: Jesus withdrawing to pray and kneeling reflects Jewish reverence and Hellenistic expressions of sincere piety. His visible anguish aligns with literary depictions of suffering and testing found in Jewish and Greco-Roman martyr traditions.
Betrayal through a kiss: A kiss was a common greeting among close companions, especially between disciples and rabbis. Judas’ use of such a gesture to betray Jesus adds emotional and moral depth to the scene.
Use of swords: While the disciples carry swords, likely as a symbol of readiness, Jesus firmly rebukes the violent response and heals the wounded servant, reinforcing His message of peace and non-retaliation.
Location of Peter’s denials: Peter’s denials take place in the open-air courtyard of a prominent household—an appropriate cultural setting for gatherings of guards, servants, and onlookers during night proceedings.
Rooster crowing: In Jewish tradition, roosters helped mark the early morning hours and were associated with spiritual awakening. The crowing here serves as a divinely timed signal tied to Jesus’ prophecy and Peter’s conviction.
Spiritual Disposition of the Audience
The disciples are depicted as devoted but spiritually fragile. Overwhelmed with grief, they fall asleep at the moment when they most need to pray. Their weakness in Gethsemane—especially Peter’s denial—reflects the natural fear and disorientation experienced during crises. By contrast, Jesus demonstrates steadfast obedience, engaging in fervent prayer, submitting to the Father’s will, and responding with compassion even to His enemies.
For Luke’s early Christian audience, this passage would serve as both comfort and challenge: a reminder of Christ’s sovereignty and compassion, and a call to spiritual alertness, perseverance in suffering, and imitation of Jesus’ faithful example.
Author’s Purpose in Luke 22:39–62
Explicit Statements and Thematic Phrases
Luke does not insert direct editorial commentary in this section, but he communicates his theological purpose through the carefully selected words and actions of Jesus, as well as through the structure of the narrative. Jesus’ repeated command—"Pray that ye enter not into temptation" (vv. 40, 46)—functions as a central thematic refrain, emphasizing the critical need for spiritual vigilance and prayerful dependence in moments of testing. Additionally, Jesus’ submissive plea—"Not my will, but thine, be done" (v. 42)—serves as a direct window into the heart of obedient discipleship, illustrating the model of surrender to divine will that Luke consistently presents in his portrayal of Christ.
Parenetic and Hortatory Elements
Though primarily narrative, this passage contains embedded exhortation. The imperative to pray, repeated twice, is not merely descriptive but parenetic—meant to instruct both the disciples in the story and Luke’s readers. These commands underscore a pattern of discipleship shaped by active engagement in prayer. Jesus’ healing of the high priest’s servant, alongside His rebuke of the disciples’ use of violence, offers an implicit moral appeal for nonviolence, compassion, and trust in divine sovereignty. Through these moments, Luke urges believers to follow Jesus’ example of peaceful submission, ethical clarity, and prayer-driven strength.
Narrative Silences and Emphatic Details
Luke omits some specific identifiers and dramatic embellishments found in other Gospel accounts—such as the names of the servant or the disciple who struck him, or the individuals who confront Peter during the denials. These narrative silences minimize distraction from Luke’s theological focus. Instead, he emphasizes Jesus’ composure, Peter’s spiritual collapse, and the necessity of prayer. Notably, Luke includes two details unique to his Gospel: the appearance of an angel to strengthen Jesus and the description of Jesus’ sweat falling like drops of blood. These narrative emphases deepen the portrayal of Jesus’ humanity, spiritual agony, and unwavering obedience.
Summary Statement
Luke’s purpose in this passage is to emphasize the urgent need for prayerful dependence on God during spiritual trials, to contrast Jesus’ unwavering obedience with the disciples’ failures, and to call readers to imitate Christ’s example of surrender, vigilance, mercy, and trust in God’s will.
Surrounding Context of Luke 22:39–62
Literary Forms and Genres
Luke 22:39–62 functions primarily as historical narrative within the overarching Passion narrative, which portrays the suffering, betrayal, and death of Jesus. This section blends biographical elements, dramatic dialogue, and implicit moral instruction (parenesis), all framed in the stylistic conventions of Hellenistic historical writing. Luke weaves together vivid characterization, ironic tension (e.g., Judas' kiss), and prophetic foreshadowing (e.g., Jesus' prediction of Peter's denial) to evoke theological reflection and emotional engagement from the reader.
The literary structure is built around key contrasts: between Jesus' submission and the disciples' failure, divine sovereignty and human betrayal, and faithfulness and fear. Direct speech—Jesus’ commands, prayers, rebukes—serves not only to drive the narrative but also to illuminate central theological themes such as obedience, spiritual vigilance, compassion, and surrender to God's will. Unique Lukan features, such as the angelic strengthening and Jesus' sweat "like drops of blood," emphasize both Jesus’ humanity and the depth of His inner struggle.
B. Placement Within the Gospel of Luke
The passage fits within the macro-structure of Luke’s Gospel as follows:
I. Introduction and Birth Narratives (1:1–2:52)
II. Preparation for Public Ministry (3:1–4:13)
III. Ministry in Galilee (4:14–9:50)
IV. Journey to Jerusalem (9:51–19:27)
V. Ministry in Jerusalem (19:28–21:38)
VI. Passion Narrative (22:1–23:56)
A. The Betrayal Plot and Last Supper (22:1–38)
B. Prayer, Betrayal, and Arrest (22:39–53)
C. Peter’s Denial and Jesus’ Trial (22:54–23:25)
D. Crucifixion, Death, and Burial (23:26–56)
VII. Resurrection and Ascension (24:1–53)
Luke 22:39–62 acts as a pivotal transition between the institution of the Last Supper and the crucifixion events. The passage heightens the emotional and theological depth of the Gospel, stressing Jesus' obedience, the disciples' failure, and God's sovereign control amid apparent chaos. These verses initiate Jesus’ visible suffering and abandonment, setting into motion the fulfillment of His prior predictions regarding betrayal and denial.
Thematically, this section advances Luke’s larger theological purpose: to portray Jesus as the faithful Son of God who fulfills His redemptive mission not through triumph but through suffering, and to challenge disciples to respond with faithful endurance, humility, and watchfulness in the face of trials.
Immediate Context of Luke 22:39–62
Connecting Words and Narrative Flow
Luke structures this passage with intentional use of transitional and temporal markers that guide the reader through a seamless narrative progression. Phrases like “And he came out...” (v. 39) and “While he yet spake...” (v. 47) serve as hinges between scenes, maintaining momentum and continuity. Repeated commands such as “Pray that ye enter not into temptation” (vv. 40, 46) function as thematic anchors, reinforcing the spiritual priority of vigilance in the face of testing. These repeated exhortations also link Jesus' private struggle to the disciples’ public failure, emphasizing the lesson through literary structure.
The Author’s Perspective
Luke writes with a perspective that is both phenomenological—describing events as they appear to the participants—and theological, offering implicit insight into divine purposes. He highlights the human experience of fear, fatigue, and failure (e.g., Peter’s denial and the disciples' sleep), while also underscoring Jesus’ divine awareness and composure. Luke alone includes specific details such as the angel sent to strengthen Jesus and His sweat “like drops of blood,” reinforcing Jesus’ fully human experience of anguish and His unwavering obedience to the Father. This blend of emotional realism and theological intent defines Luke’s distinctive voice.
Descriptive and Prescriptive Elements
While the passage is primarily descriptive, recounting the events of Jesus’ final night before His arrest, it contains clear prescriptive significance. Jesus’ commands to “pray” are not mere scene-setting; they establish a model of how disciples are to endure trials. His nonviolent response to betrayal and arrest, along with His healing of the wounded servant, provides an implicit moral teaching. Though not structured as a formal ethical discourse, the narrative conveys essential lessons in discipleship, submission, and spiritual alertness.
Main Emphases of the Passage
The central emphasis lies in the contrast between Jesus’ faithful obedience and the disciples’ spiritual collapse. Jesus is portrayed as the true model of prayerful submission and self-control, while the disciples are shown faltering—sleeping when they should pray, reacting in fear, and eventually denying Him. The theological core includes themes of spiritual vigilance, temptation, suffering, and restoration. Details like the identity of the servant or the exact geography of the garden serve to ground the scene but are clearly secondary to Luke’s main teaching points.
Intended Audience and Pastoral Impact
Luke addresses a Christian audience, likely including both Gentile and Jewish believers facing societal and spiritual pressures. The narrative serves to encourage steadfastness in trials, with Jesus presented as the perfect example of how to endure suffering with obedience and grace. The emphasis on prayer, mercy, and perseverance offers both challenge and comfort to believers, particularly those facing persecution or personal failure.
Additional Observations
Luke’s repeated emphasis on prayer—more prominent than in the other Synoptic accounts—highlights its central role in his theology of discipleship.
Peter’s denial and subsequent remorse are presented not only as a cautionary tale but also as an invitation to restoration, revealing the redemptive possibilities that follow genuine repentance.
The entire passage contributes to Luke’s larger theological portrayal of Jesus as the obedient Son, the suffering Messiah, and the redemptive example for His followers.
Syntactical Observations:
Luke 22:39–62 presents a carefully structured narrative that unfolds across interconnected scenes: 1) the prayerful agony of Jesus in Gethsemane, 2) His betrayal and arrest, 3) and Peter’s denials. Luke skillfully uses direct speech, detailed narrative descriptions, and compelling imagery to communicate theological message and provide the followers of Jesus with the ethical insights needed to follow both the teachings and the way of life from Jesus of Nazareth.
Thematic Development
Luke emphasizes several central themes through detailed syntax and narrative structure:
Jesus and Prayer
The repeated imperative "Προσεύχεσθε" ("Pray," vv. 40, 46) highlights prayer as essential to spiritual strength and endurance. The detailed description of Jesus’ fervent prayer (ἐκτενέστερον προσηύχετο, "prayed more earnestly," v. 44) is set against the disciples’ passive sleep (κοιμωμένους, "sleeping," v. 45), underscoring the critical role of active prayer in spiritual readiness.
Temptation and Testing
The term "πειρασμός" ("temptation," vv. 40, 46) frames the narrative, emphasizing the disciples' susceptibility to spiritual trials. Their eventual failure contrasts starkly with Jesus’ successful vigilance, reinforcing the necessity of persistent prayer and spiritual attentiveness.
Submission to Divine Will
Jesus’ conditional prayer explicitly demonstrates complete submission to God's sovereignty. Luke vividly portrays Christ’s emotional struggle (ἀγωνίᾳ, "agony," v. 44) and the divine assistance He receives (ἐνισχύων, v. 43), emphasizing Christ’s genuine humanity and unwavering dedication to fulfilling divine purposes.
Betrayal and Denial
Luke skillfully contrasts Judas' calculated betrayal (καταφιλέω, "kiss") with Peter’s impulsive yet redeemable denials (ἀπαρνέομαι). This syntactical parallel highlights the themes of loyalty versus betrayal, authenticity versus hypocrisy, and repentance versus moral failure.
Peter’s Remorse and Repentance
Peter’s deep sorrow (κλαίω πικρῶς, "wept bitterly," v. 62) vividly portrays authentic remorse. The strategic placement of Jesus' penetrating gaze (ἐμβλέπω, v. 61) immediately before Peter’s memory (ὑπομιμνῄσκω, v. 61) reinforces the transformative power of genuine repentance and self-awareness.
Literary Analysis
Author's Intent and Literary Form
While Luke does not offer explicit commentary on his literary methods within this specific passage, the prologue in Luke 1:1–4 clearly outlines his intent: to compose an "orderly account" based on reliable eyewitness testimony. This statement signals Luke's purpose throughout his Gospel—to provide theological and historical certainty about Jesus' life, mission, and identity. As such, Luke 22:39–62 functions within the genre of historical narrative with strong theological orientation, aiming to instruct believers in faithful discipleship through carefully narrated events.
Deductive Analysis of Literary Form
This passage is situated within the broader passion narrative and can be classified as a historical-biographical narrative. The content moves chronologically through Jesus’ prayer in Gethsemane, His betrayal and arrest, and Peter’s denial. The linear structure emphasizes escalating tension and deepening contrasts between characters. Rooted in Greco-Roman biographical conventions and Jewish narrative style, this section highlights not just the sequence of events but their theological implications, particularly the tension between divine faithfulness and human weakness.
Analysis of Literary Devices
Simile: In verse 44, Jesus’ sweat is described as being "like drops of blood." This simile is vivid and emotionally charged, conveying the extremity of Jesus’ anguish. It underscores the physical toll of His spiritual agony and intensifies the reader’s empathy with His suffering.
Metaphor: The reference to the "cup" in Jesus’ prayer (v. 42) functions metaphorically. Drawing on Old Testament imagery (Isa. 51:17; Jer. 25:15), the cup symbolizes divine wrath and judgment. Jesus' willingness to drink it reflects His acceptance of God's redemptive plan through suffering.
Proverb: No explicit proverb is quoted, but the passage implicitly supports wisdom principles such as humility, the danger of overconfidence, and the necessity of spiritual vigilance. Peter’s failure stands as a proverbial warning about the fallibility of even the boldest disciple.
Parables: This passage does not include any parables. Instead, it conveys its moral and theological instruction through direct narrative and character interaction rather than through symbolic storytelling.
Allegories: There is no allegory present. The events are narrated as literal, historical realities with deep theological significance rather than symbolic representations.
Types: Jesus functions as a type of the Suffering Servant from Isaiah 53. His posture of submission, His silence before injustice, and His willingness to suffer align with the characteristics of the Servant, now fulfilled in His messianic role.
Prophecy: Jesus' foretelling of Peter’s denial (v. 34) and its fulfillment (v. 61) constitutes a short-term prophetic fulfillment within the narrative. It demonstrates divine foreknowledge, human frailty, and the reliability of Jesus' words.
1. Principle Identification: Key theological principles include the value of watchful prayer, trust in God’s will, mercy toward others, and hope in restoration after failure.
2. Transcultural Relevance: These principles transcend cultural boundaries. Every generation and context can relate to the themes of fear, failure, divine obedience, and forgiveness.
3. Cultural Expression: The kiss of betrayal, while culturally distinct in antiquity, remains understandable today as an act of false intimacy. Modern parallels include superficial loyalty or performative faithfulness.
4. Application of Humility: Where direct cultural parallels are lacking, interpreters should preserve the core principle (e.g., faithfulness, repentance) and avoid rigid applications that miss the underlying spiritual message. Humility calls for discerning the enduring truth beneath culturally specific expressions.
Luke 22:39–62 stands as a literary and theological masterpiece within the Gospel narrative. Using restrained but effective literary tools—such as simile, metaphor, and typology—Luke invites the reader to contemplate Jesus' perfect obedience in contrast to the disciples' failure. Though not structured as formal teaching, the passage offers enduring moral and spiritual guidance for all readers, emphasizing prayer, submission, vigilance, and mercy. It continues to speak powerfully to believers across time and cultures, calling them to follow Christ in faithfulness and humility.
Theological Analysis
1. Preunderstandings of God’s Relationship with Humanity
From a biblical-theological perspective, God is revealed as both holy and loving—righteous in judgment and merciful in redemption. Throughout salvation history, God initiates covenantal relationships, patiently guiding humanity, offering correction, and providing means of reconciliation. This pattern finds its climax in the person and work of Jesus Christ, whose obedience unto death fulfills God’s redemptive plan. God’s relationship with humanity is therefore understood as one of divine initiative, costly grace, and a call to faithful response.
2. Implications for the Passage
These preunderstandings frame the interpretation of Luke 22:39–62 as a moment in which the redemptive mission of Christ is both tested and confirmed. Jesus' prayerful agony in Gethsemane exemplifies the full weight of incarnational obedience. His submission to the Father’s will, even amid suffering, reveals His identity as the faithful Son and Servant. The disciples’ inability to remain watchful and Peter’s subsequent denial reinforce the contrast between divine faithfulness and human frailty. This contrast underscores the need for grace and the sustaining power of God’s redemptive plan, even amid failure.
3. Theological Knowledge of the Original Audience
Luke’s original readers—both Jewish and Gentile believers—would have had an emerging theological framework shaped by apostolic teaching and the Hebrew Scriptures. Many faced persecution, marginalization, and questions surrounding the suffering Messiah. They would have recognized in this narrative core discipleship themes: prayer, perseverance, submission, and repentance. Familiarity with the Old Testament would help them connect Jesus’ suffering with messianic fulfillment, while the early church’s teaching would shape their understanding of Jesus as the obedient Son who fulfills God’s will through sacrifice.
4. Original Meaning for Recipients
To the original audience, this passage offered both comfort and challenge. It reassured them of Jesus’ sovereignty, even in suffering, and set before them a model of how to respond under trial—with prayer, trust, and submission to God. Peter’s denial, though tragic, was not the end of his story. His restoration would have reminded readers that failure, when met with repentance, does not disqualify them from further service. The passage calls believers to endurance, honest self-examination, and renewed commitment to the way of Christ.
5. Additional Insights from Later Revelation
Subsequent New Testament writings provide greater theological clarity to the events of Luke 22. Hebrews 5:7–9 explains Jesus’ Gethsemane prayers as part of His priestly obedience, made perfect through suffering. Romans 5:6–11 highlights the redemptive love of God shown in Christ’s death for sinners. First Peter 2:21–24 presents Jesus’ suffering as a pattern for believers, urging them to endure unjust suffering with faith in God’s justice. These later revelations enhance our understanding of Luke’s account by affirming the theological necessity of Jesus’ obedience and the ongoing call to follow His example in our own trials.
Body - Development:
Body - Development:
I. Commit to Prayer to Prepare for Spiritual Trials (vv. 39–46)
I. Commit to Prayer to Prepare for Spiritual Trials (vv. 39–46)
39 And he came out, and went, as he was wont, to the mount of Olives; and his disciples also followed him.
40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.
41 And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed,
42 Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.
43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him.
44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,
46 And said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation.
EXP:
Jesus regularly withdrew to pray on the Mount of Olives, demonstrating consistent spiritual discipline. During intense spiritual agony, He exemplified profound submission to the Father's will, praying earnestly until He was divinely strengthened. In sharp contrast, the disciples were emotionally overwhelmed, neglecting prayer and falling asleep, leaving themselves spiritually vulnerable.
EXP:
Jesus regularly withdrew to pray on the Mount of Olives, demonstrating consistent spiritual discipline. During intense spiritual agony, He exemplified profound submission to the Father's will, praying earnestly until He was divinely strengthened. In sharp contrast, the disciples were emotionally overwhelmed, neglecting prayer and falling asleep, leaving themselves spiritually vulnerable.
Provisional (Exegetical) Outline: Luke 22:39–46
I. Jesus' Preparation and Prayer at Gethsemane (22:39–46)
Syntactical Observations:
The passage begins by highlighting Jesus’ habitual visits to the Mount of Olives (v. 39), symbolizing regular spiritual discipline and preparation. The imperative command "Προσεύχεσθε" ("Pray," vv. 40, 46) shows the urgency of prayer as a spiritual defense against temptation and trial. Luke uses this command as an inclusio, framing the disciples’ failure to pray, thereby vividly contrasting their spiritual negligence with Jesus' vigilant faithfulness.
The syntax of Jesus’ prayer (vv. 41–42) prominently features a first-class conditional statement: "εἰ βούλει παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο" ("if you are willing, take this cup,” with the assumption of truth that the Father was able to do so). This transitions immediately into a profound expression of submission to divine will: "πλὴν μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου, ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γενέσθω" ("yet not my will, but yours be done"). This syntactic arrangement powerfully conveys Jesus’ intentional surrender amidst intense emotional distress, further reinforced by Luke’s unique reference to angelic strengthening (ἐνισχύων αὐτόν, "strengthening him," v. 43).
A. Routine of Spiritual Discipline (v. 39)
39 And he came out, and went, as he was wont, to the mount of Olives; and his disciples also followed him.
1. Regular visits to the Mount of Olives for solitary prayer.
2. Importance of personal solitude for spiritual strength and preparation.
B. Urgent Instruction to the Disciples (v. 40)
40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.
1. Clear directive: "Pray that you may not enter into temptation."
Important Words -
πειρασμός (peirasmos) – Temptation (Luke 22:40, 46)
Range of Meanings: Means testing, trial, or temptation—can be neutral or refer to solicitation to sin. Biblically used for divine testing or satanic enticement.
Intended Meaning in Context: Refers to the disciples' coming spiritual crisis. Jesus warns them to pray to avoid entering into temptation, highlighting their vulnerability and the spiritual gravity of the moment.
προσεύχομαι (proseuchomai) – Pray (Luke 22:40–46)
Range of Meanings: Most common NT word for prayer. Means to direct worshipful petition or communion toward God. Involves devotion, dependence, and earnest communication.
Intended Meaning in Context: Used repeatedly in Jesus' exhortation and example. Highlights the necessity of prayer as spiritual preparation and defense. Jesus prays in agony, while Peter sleeps—demonstrating contrasting responses to crisis.
2. Highlighting proactive spiritual vigilance as essential.
C. Intense Personal Prayer and Agony of Jesus (vv. 41–44)
1. Purposeful withdrawal for focused, intimate prayer (v. 41).
41 And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed,
2. Honest human plea to avoid impending suffering yet complete submission to God's sovereign will (v. 42).
42 Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.
3. Angelic intervention and profound physical and emotional distress manifesting as sweat resembling drops of blood (vv. 43–44).
Important Words -
ἐνισχύω (enischyō) – Strengthened (Luke 22:43)
43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him.
Range of Meanings: To strengthen inwardly or fortify, especially after weakness. Used for divine or angelic empowerment.
Intended Meaning in Context: An angel strengthens Jesus during His agony, not to avoid the cross, but to endure it. Reflects divine provision in submission.
ἀγωνίᾳ (agōnia) – Agony (Luke 22:44)
44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
Range of Meanings: Derived from ἀγών (agōn), meaning contest or struggle. Used in athletic or military settings, later describing intense emotional or mental strain. Conveys intense internal wrestling, dread, or pressure before a critical moment.
Intended Meaning in Context: Describes Jesus’ spiritual and emotional battle in Gethsemane. Not fear alone, but a soul-deep struggle in submission to the Father's will. Reflects His resolve through prayer under intense redemptive burden.
D. Disciples’ Spiritual Failure and Warning (vv. 45–46)
1. Disciples overtaken by sorrow, resulting in spiritual lethargy and sleep (v. 45).
45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,
Important Words -
προσευχή (proseuchē) – Prayer (Luke 22:45)
Range of Meanings: Noun form of 'proseuchomai'. Refers to the act of prayer or place of prayer. Describes a sacred practice of communion and supplication to God.
Intended Meaning in Context: Describes the intense, submissive prayer of Jesus just prior to His arrest. Marks His final moment of divine strengthening and will-alignment before the cross.
καθεύδω (katheudō) – Sleeping (Luke 22:45–46)
Range of Meanings: To sleep physically, or figuratively to be spiritually inattentive. Contrasts with watchfulness or readiness.
Intended Meaning in Context: The disciples, overwhelmed by sorrow, sleep instead of praying. It symbolizes spiritual unawareness and passive failure in a moment of testing.
λύπη (lypē) – Sorrow (Luke 22:45)
Range of Meanings: Means grief, heaviness, or emotional pain. Can be human sadness or spiritual conviction. Contextually linked with mourning or internal struggle.
Intended Meaning in Context: The disciples’ sleep is attributed to sorrow—emotional overload leading to passivity. Reflects their overwhelmed state and spiritual unpreparedness.
2. Jesus' reiterated urgency about prayer, emphasizing imminent spiritual threats (v. 46).
46 And said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation.
ILL:
Consider the preparation of an athlete before an Olympic event. The disciplined training, focused mindset, and preparation before the competition make all the difference. Without consistent practice, athletes collapse under pressure during the actual competition.
ILL:
Consider the preparation of an athlete before an Olympic event. The disciplined training, focused mindset, and preparation before the competition make all the difference. Without consistent practice, athletes collapse under pressure during the actual competition.
APP:
We must establish consistent spiritual practices of prayer and submission to God. Like Jesus, our strength in crisis depends on the depth of our spiritual preparation. Commit daily to focused prayer, seeking God's strength proactively before trials arise.
APP:
We must establish consistent spiritual practices of prayer and submission to God. Like Jesus, our strength in crisis depends on the depth of our spiritual preparation. Commit daily to focused prayer, seeking God's strength proactively before trials arise.
TS:
Consistent prayer prepares us, but our actions under pressure reveal our spiritual readiness.
TS:
Consistent prayer prepares us, but our actions under pressure reveal our spiritual readiness.
II. Choose Mercy and Submission over Retaliation and Self-Preservation (vv. 47–62)
II. Choose Mercy and Submission over Retaliation and Self-Preservation (vv. 47–62)
47 And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.
48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?
49 When they which were about him saw what would follow, they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?
50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.
51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.
52 Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves?
53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
EXP:
Jesus responded to betrayal and violence with mercy and healing, showing compassion to His enemies. Despite imminent suffering, His submission to God remained unwavering. Conversely, Peter reacted impulsively, misinterpreting the moment by relying on violent defense. Later, Peter denied Jesus entirely under pressure, failing the test due to his prior spiritual neglect.
EXP:
Jesus responded to betrayal and violence with mercy and healing, showing compassion to His enemies. Despite imminent suffering, His submission to God remained unwavering. Conversely, Peter reacted impulsively, misinterpreting the moment by relying on violent defense. Later, Peter denied Jesus entirely under pressure, failing the test due to his prior spiritual neglect.
Provisional Outline (cont.): Luke 22:47-62
II. Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus (22:47–53)
Syntactical Observations:
The betrayal and arrest scene (vv. 47–53) is marked by dramatic irony, exemplified through Judas’ betrayal by a kiss (φιλήματι, v. 48). This affectionate gesture, juxtaposed with its malicious intent, highlights the depth of Judas' duplicity. The impulsive reaction of Peter with a sword (μάχαιρα, v. 50) contrasts sharply with Jesus’ immediate compassionate healing response (ἰάσατο, v. 51), thereby clearly distinguishing between human impulsiveness and divine compassion.
Key Themes
Importance of Prayer and Vigilance: The essential role of consistent prayer for spiritual resilience and preparedness.
Divine Strength versus Human Weakness: Stark contrast between Jesus' steadfast obedience and the disciples’ human impulsivity and failure.
Complexity of Betrayal: Exploration of deep emotional and relational dimensions illustrated through Judas’ betrayal.
Spiritual Warfare: Recognition of the profound spiritual conflict surrounding pivotal moments in the narrative.
Authentic Repentance and Restoration: Peter’s profound remorse as a powerful example of genuine repentance leading to spiritual renewal.
A. Judas’ Betrayal (vv. 47–48)
1. Judas arrives leading a hostile group to arrest Jesus (v. 47).
47 And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.
2. The profound irony of betrayal through a symbol of friendship, a kiss, underscoring deceit and personal betrayal (v. 48).
48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?
Important Words -
καταφιλέω (kataphileō) – Kiss (Luke 22:47–48)
Range of Meanings: Intensive form of φιλέω (phileō), meaning to kiss fervently or tenderly. Often denotes close, affectionate expression of loyalty or love.
Intended Meaning in Context: Used ironically of Judas’ betrayal—he uses a sign of affection to deliver treachery. Highlights the hypocrisy and heartbreak of his action.
B. Misguided Response of the Disciples (vv. 49–51)
1. Disciples’ misunderstanding of Jesus’ mission reflected in their consideration of violent resistance (v. 49).
49 When they which were about him saw what would follow, they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?
2. Peter’s impulsive action causing physical harm to the high priest’s servant (v. 50).
50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.
3. Jesus’ immediate healing intervention and clear rejection of violence, affirming His commitment to peace and restoration (v. 51).
51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.
Important Words -
μάχαιρα (machaira) – Sword (Luke 22:36–52)
Range of Meanings: Short sword or dagger, used in combat or sacrifice. Can symbolize violence, self-defense, or zeal. Figuratively can represent judgment or spiritual error.
Intended Meaning in Context: Highlights Peter’s misguided zeal and fleshly reaction. Contrasts with Jesus’ submission and refusal to resist arrest. Symbolizes the failure to grasp spiritual priorities.
C. Jesus' Rebuke and Identification of Spiritual Conflict (vv. 52–53)
1. Jesus confronts the arresting authorities' hypocrisy in their secretive actions, contrasting it with His open ministry (v. 52).
52 Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves?
2. Explicit acknowledgment of spiritual darkness at play, identifying this moment as a temporary dominance of evil forces (v.53).
53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
III. Peter’s Denial and Immediate Remorse (22:54–62)
54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
Syntactical Observations:
The account of Peter’s denial (vv. 54–62) demonstrates careful syntactic progression. Luke describes a threefold escalation employing both simple (ἀρνέομαι) and intensified (ἀπαρνέομαι) negations. This progression is vividly depicted through the perceptual verbs "ἐμβλέπω" ("looked upon," v. 61) and "ὑπομιμνῄσκω" ("remembered," v. 61), culminating dramatically in Peter’s intense emotional response (ἔκλαυσε πικρῶς, "wept bitterly," v. 62), symbolizing genuine remorse and the potential for restoration.
A. Initial Denial by Peter (vv. 54–57)
1. Peter follows Jesus cautiously from afar, revealing underlying fear (vv. 54-55).
54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them.
2. Initial denial triggered by confrontation from a servant girl, highlighting early weakness (vv. 56-57).
56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him.
57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not.
Important Words -
ἀρνέομαι (arneomai) – Deny (Luke 22:57)
Range of Meanings: To disown, reject, or deny association—used especially of loyalty to Christ. Can be general or moderate in tone.
Intended Meaning in Context: Describes Peter’s first denial. He verbally disassociates from Jesus out of fear—beginning the downward spiral of denial.
B. Intensified Denials (vv. 58–60)
1. Subsequent denials grow in intensity and emphasis, indicating deeper fear and moral compromise (v. 58).
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not.
2. The third denial represents total and emphatic rejection of Jesus (vv. 59-60).
59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean.
60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
C. Conviction and Deep Repentance (vv. 61–62)
1. Significant turning point initiated by Jesus’ direct and knowing gaze at Peter (v. 61).
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
Important Words -
ἀπαρνέομαι (aparneomai) – Deny (utterly) (Luke 22:61 (prophetic summary))
Range of Meanings: Intensified form of arneomai. Means to utterly disown or completely reject association.
Intended Meaning in Context: Used of Peter’s full, emphatic denial. Captures the completeness and seriousness of his failure. Sets the stage for later restoration.
ἐμβλέπω (emblepō) – Looked upon (Luke 22:61)
Range of Meanings: To gaze intently, to fix one’s eyes with deep perception or insight. Often relational and filled with emotional weight.
Intended Meaning in Context: Jesus’ look pierces Peter's heart after the denial. It’s a silent, convicting gaze that initiates repentance—full of grace and sorrow.
ὑπομιμνῄσκω (hypomimnēskō) – Remembered (Luke 22:61)
Range of Meanings: To recall, be reminded, or have something brought back to mind. Often used in divine or Spirit-prompted recollection of truth.
Intended Meaning in Context: Peter is struck with the memory of Jesus’ prophecy after the rooster crows. The word signifies a Spirit-pricked conscience and the beginning of repentance.
2. Peter experiences immediate and overwhelming remorse, leading to bitter weeping and genuine repentance (v. 62).
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.
Important Words -
κλαίω (klaiō) – Wept (Luke 22:62)
Range of Meanings: To cry aloud, to wail, or to lament openly. Denotes deep emotional release or mourning.
Intended Meaning in Context: Peter’s bitter weeping demonstrates the emotional impact of his failure. An outward sign of inward collapse and godly sorrow.
πικρῶς (pikrōs) – Bitterly (Luke 22:62)
Range of Meanings: Describes action done with bitterness, anguish, or emotional intensity. Often paired with deep grief or lament.
Intended Meaning in Context: Emphasizes the depth of Peter’s repentance. His sorrow is raw, loud, and soul-piercing—proof of genuine conviction.
ILL:
The story of Corrie ten Boom, who faced extreme injustice in a Nazi concentration camp, highlights choosing forgiveness over retaliation. When later confronted by her former tormentor asking for forgiveness, she demonstrated Christ-like mercy, rooted in prayerful dependence on God.
ILL:
The story of Corrie ten Boom, who faced extreme injustice in a Nazi concentration camp, highlights choosing forgiveness over retaliation. When later confronted by her former tormentor asking for forgiveness, she demonstrated Christ-like mercy, rooted in prayerful dependence on God.
APP:
When faced with opposition, do not respond with aggression or denial of faith. Choose mercy, forgiveness, and submission to God’s will. Recognize moments of pressure as opportunities to exhibit Christ’s grace rather than human retaliation.
APP:
When faced with opposition, do not respond with aggression or denial of faith. Choose mercy, forgiveness, and submission to God’s will. Recognize moments of pressure as opportunities to exhibit Christ’s grace rather than human retaliation.
TS:
Choosing mercy and submission requires genuine humility and readiness rooted in prior spiritual discipline.
TS:
Choosing mercy and submission requires genuine humility and readiness rooted in prior spiritual discipline.
Conclusion:
Luke 22 reminds us clearly that the spiritual battles of life are won in the moments of earnest, vigilant prayer long before crisis strikes. We witness both the tragic failure of Peter and the victorious endurance of Jesus. Today, let's commit ourselves to daily, intentional prayer, allowing God to prepare and strengthen us to respond with grace and humility in every trial we face. By faithfully cultivating prayerful dependence on God, we can confidently endure and overcome life's spiritual battles.
Conclusion:
Luke 22 reminds us clearly that the spiritual battles of life are won in the moments of earnest, vigilant prayer long before crisis strikes. We witness both the tragic failure of Peter and the victorious endurance of Jesus. Today, let's commit ourselves to daily, intentional prayer, allowing God to prepare and strengthen us to respond with grace and humility in every trial we face. By faithfully cultivating prayerful dependence on God, we can confidently endure and overcome life's spiritual battles.
Exegetical Notes (cont.)
Application Analysis
Principlizing: A careful synthesis of the literary, theological, and historical-cultural dimensions of Luke 22:39–62 yields several foundational principles for Christian life and discipleship:
Persistent prayer is vital for spiritual endurance. Jesus models continual dependence on the Father in the face of severe trial, urging His disciples—and readers—to remain spiritually vigilant.
True obedience is expressed through submission to God's will. Jesus’ declaration, “Not my will, but Yours be done,” epitomizes faithful discipleship in times of suffering and uncertainty.
Even sincere followers are susceptible to failure without watchfulness. Peter’s denial, despite his earlier confidence, demonstrates the danger of spiritual complacency and overestimation of one’s strength.
Mercy triumphs over retaliation. Jesus’ healing of the servant’s ear during His arrest illustrates a commitment to peace, grace, and redemptive love, even in the face of injustice.
Failure is never final when accompanied by repentance. Peter’s bitter weeping reflects a broken and contrite heart, pointing toward the possibility of restoration through grace.
Transcultural Transmission
Principle Identification: The passage offers clear and transferable truths:
Pray fervently to resist temptation.
Yield your will to God’s sovereign purposes.
Respond to hostility with compassion, not aggression.
Stay alert to the subtleties of spiritual pride.
Repentance invites forgiveness and renewal.
Transcultural Relevance: These principles are universally applicable and resonate across cultures and generations:
The human struggle with temptation and failure is common to all.
Prayer, submission, and repentance are core spiritual disciplines in every Christian tradition.
The ethical call to mercy, humility, and grace in response to opposition is central to gospel living, regardless of cultural context.
Cultural Expression: While the theological principles remain consistent, their expression may differ across cultural settings:
Prayer: May be practiced privately, corporately, liturgically, or informally, depending on tradition and context—but the heart of dependency on God remains the same.
Non-retaliation: In some cultures, it may look like refusing to escalate conflict, while in others, it may involve refraining from public shame, litigation, or social media retaliation.
Repentance and restoration: In some settings, confession is public; in others, it is personal or communal. Regardless, genuine humility and accountability are essential.
Application of Humility: When interpreting culturally unfamiliar elements—such as the symbolic kiss of betrayal or the drawing of a sword—readers must apply interpretive humility. The focus should be on discerning the theological and ethical core of the text and then thoughtfully contextualizing it. Where cultural expressions differ, we should avoid rigid literalism and seek to uphold the spirit of the principle with care, sensitivity, and discernment.
Luke 22:39–62 challenges believers to embrace a lifestyle of watchful prayer, humble obedience, merciful response, and heartfelt repentance. These enduring principles transcend time and culture, inviting every generation of Christians to reflect the character of Christ in the midst of trial and temptation. Effective application demands wisdom, cultural sensitivity, and a posture of humility before God and others.
Non-Technical Summary: Luke 22:39–62
Jesus' Prayer and Agony
After sharing communion and instituting the Lord’s Supper meal with His disciples before His looming crucifixion, Jesus went to the Mount of Olives, a place He often visited to pray. He encouraged His disciples, also with Him, to pray so they could resist temptation. Moving a short distance away, Jesus knelt down and earnestly prayed, asking God, His Father, if He could avoid the suffering ahead. However, He immediately surrendered, emphasizing the importance of following God's will above His own, and the Father heard His prayer, and delivered Him from a premature death there in that garden grove.
As Jesus prayed, He experienced intense emotional pain, which Dr. Luke called “agony,” causing Him to sweat heavily, like drops of blood falling to the ground. But in that He was heard, an angel then immediately appeared to strengthen Him during this time. When He returned, Jesus found His disciples sleeping, overwhelmed by the sadness of Jesus’ recent and repeated predictions about His looming death. He urged them once more to stay awake and pray to avoid falling into temptation.
Jesus’ Betrayal and Arrest
While Jesus was speaking, Judas, one of His close followers, arrived with a group to arrest Him. Judas betrayed Jesus by greeting Him with a kiss, a gesture usually indicating friendship and trust. Jesus confronted Judas, removing the mask of the irony of his duplicitous betrayal.
The disciples, seeing what was unfolding, asked if they should defend Jesus with force. Before Jesus could respond, one disciple, we know to be Peter from the other Gospel writers, impulsively used a small sword to injure the high priest’s servant. Jesus immediately stopped the violence, healed the injured Malchus, and criticized the group for arresting Him secretly rather than openly during His public teachings. He pointed out the hypocrisy of their actions and recognized this as a time dominated by evil.
Peter’s Denials
After His arrest, Jesus was brought to the high priest's house, with Peter following from a distance. In the courtyard, Peter joined a group gathered around a fire. A servant girl recognized him in the light of the flames and accused him of being with Jesus, but Peter fearfully denied knowing Jesus. Shortly afterward, another person identified Peter as one of Jesus' followers, leading to another denial. About an hour later, someone else insisted that Peter was connected to Jesus because he was from Galilee, prompting Peter to strongly repudiate that claim and deny any association with Jesus of Nazareth. Immediately afterward, the fateful alarm sounded as a rooster crowed in the distance.
At the sound of that rooster, Jesus turned and looked squarely upon Peter, causing Peter to remember Jesus' prediction that he would deny Him three times. Realizing the seriousness of his actions, Peter was filled with deep remorse. He left the courtyard and wept bitterly, bewailing in deep regret of his thrice denials.
Peter’s lack of spiritual discipline is a reminder to each of us that “the arm of flesh will fail you.” So, heed the words of the Saviour, and “pray.” “Lord, lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.” For, “I can do all things [only] through Christ which strengtheneth me,” who said, “Without me, ye can do nothing.”
